0.0/5 rating (0 votes)

FEATURES OF THE USE OF TURKIC BORROWINGS IN THE "KHAMSA" OF NIZAMI GANJAVI

Avtors

Bobojonova D.A.

Abstract

The article notes that, although some experts believe that the infiltration of Turkic words into the Persian-Tajik language began in the pre-Islamic era, the number of such lexical elements in Nizami Ganjavi's Quintet poems is insignificant. The use of Turkic loanwords in each of Nizami's poems is examined separately. It is emphasized that the word "Turk" is used in all of Nizami's poems, both as a name for a people (ethnonym) and in the meanings of "soldier" and "beloved." The poet also uses this word in word formation. The poem "Makhzan-ul-Asror" contains only two Turkic borrowings: "turk" (Turkish) and "kizlik" (curved knife). In the poem "Layli and Majnun," with the exception of the word "Turk" and examples of word formation with this lexical element, no other Turkic words appear. In the third poem of the "Quintet" - "Khusraw and Shirin" - Nizami used a group of Turkic words: tugro (a decree of the shah, a type of writing); vushok (a slave/slave); buk - a trumpet; yatok - a guard, chovush - a leader; khotun - a senior wife. In the poem "Haft paykar" one Turkic borrowed is found: yaglik - an arrow with a tip. The largest number of Turkic borrowings is used in the book "Ikbal-name" as part of the poem "Iskandar-name". The reason is that this part of the poem is dedicated to the conquests of Iskandar and the description of his campaigns in different countries.

Keywords

Nizami’s works; “Khamsa”; Turkic borrowings; “Layli and Majnun”; “Khusraw and Shirin”; “Iskandar-name”

References

1. Burhon, Muhammad Husayn. Burhon-i Qote’. In five volumes. Edited by Muhammad Mo’in. - Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1391. - 2470 pp.

2. Vahhobov, T., Bobojonova, D. Introduction to the Lexicology of the Literary Tajik Language. - Khujand, 2010. - 76 pp.

3. Ghiyosuddin, Muhammad. Ghiyos al-Lughat. Prepared with introduction, commentary, and index by A. Nurov. - Dushanbe: Adib, Vol. 1 (1987) – 480 pp.; Vol. 2 (1988) – 416 pp.; Vol. 3 (1989) – 304 pp.

4. Majidov, H. Modern Tajik Literary Language. Vol. 1: Lexicology. - Dushanbe, 2007. 244 pp.

5. Ma’sumi, N. The Most Important Issues in the Study of the Development of the Tajik Literary Language. - Dushanbe, 1980. - 351 pp.

6. Ma’sumi, N. Essays on the Development of the Tajik Literary Language (reprint). - Dushanbe, 2011. - 385+9 pp.

7. Mo’in, Muhammad. Persian Dictionary. In five volumes. - Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1375. - Vol. 1 – 1472 pp.; Vol. 3 – 1477–2774 pp.

8. Nizami Ganjavi. Khamsa: Makhzan al-Asrar. Khusraw and Shirin. - Dushanbe: Adib, 2012. 480 pp.

9. Nizami Ganjavi. Khamsa: Layli and Majnun. Haft Paykar. - Dushanbe: - Adib, 2012. 480 pp.

10.Nizami Ganjavi. Khamsa: Iskandar-name. Sharaf-name. Iqbal-name. - Dushanbe: Adib, 2012. 480 pp.

11.Peysikov, L. S. Lexicology of the Modern Persian Language. - Moscow: Moscow State University Press, 1975. 207 pp.

12. Tohirova, Q. Lexicon of the Modern Tajik Literary Language (reprint). - Khujand, 2023. 188 pp.

13. Dictionary of the Tajik Language. In two volumes. Edited by M. Shukurov, V. A. Kapranov, R. Hashim, N. A. Ma’sumi. - Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969. - Vol. 1 – 951 pp.; Vol. 2 – 952 pp.

14.Explanatory Dictionary of the Tajik Language. In two volumes. Vol. 1. - Dushanbe: Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature, 2010. - 897 pp.

15. Juraev, G. The System of Dialectal Vocabulary of the Tajik Language. - Dushanbe, 2017. - 320 pp.