The purpose of the article is to analyze the information of Aburayhon Beruni about the oldest holiday of the Tajik people, Sada, which are concentrated exclusively in his works "Osor-ul-bokia", "Al-Konun al-Masudi" and "Kitob-ut-tafhim". It examines Beruni's messages about the reasons for the name of the Sada holiday, the legends about its appearance, the reasons for the celebration and the customs associated with it. It is emphasized that Beruni connects all these issues with the legends of Kayumars, Meshi and Meshana, king Khushang, and the vizier of Zahhak, Armail or Azmail. Based on a comparative analysis of Beruni's information about the Sada holiday with similar information from the «Shahnameh» by Abulkasim Firdowsi, «Ta'rihi Bayhaki» by Abulfazl Bayhaki and «Zain-ul-Akhbor» by Abusaid Gardizi, the significance, uniqueness and, at the same time, the absence of any information in the wоrks of Beruni about the state of the holiday in his era are emphasized.
Aburayhon Beruni, Sada holiday, Bahman-mah, Obonruz, "Gazan's night", Masmagan, "bar-sade", "nav-sade", "Destruction of Vritra"
1. Baihaki, Khoja Abulfazl Muhammad Ibn Husain. History of Baihaki / Khoja Abulfazl Muhammad Ibn Husain Baihaki. – Dushanbe: Bukhoro, 2014 –774 pp.
2. Bertels, E.E.The Festivalof Jashni Sada inTajikPoetry/ E.E. Bertels // Collection of articlesonphilology of the peoples of CentralAsiadedicated to the 80thanniversary of the birth of A.A.Semonov. – Stalinabad:Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR, 1953. – PP. 33-43.
3. Beruni, Abu Rayhon. The Khronology of Ancient Peoples (Al-Osor Al-boqiya an al-Qurun Al-holiya) / Aburayhon Beruniy // Edinburgh copy facsimile [Text]. – Tashkent: Manaviyat, 2023. – 448 pp.
4. Bеruni, Abu Rayhаn. Canon of Mas'ud / Abu Rayhаn Bеruni // Selected works. – Volume 5. Books 1-5. – Tashkent: Fan, 1973. – 648 pp.
5. Beruni, Abu rahon. Kitob-ut-Tafhim li-avoili sanoat-it-tanjim / Aburaihon Beruni. – Dushanbe: Donish, 1973. – 286 pp.
6. Beruni, Aburayhon. Osor-ul-Bokiya / Aburayhon Beruni. – Dushanbe: Irfon, 1990. – 432 pp.
7. Al-Beruni, Aburayhon Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Al-Osor al-bokiya an il-qurun al-holiya /, Aburayhon Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni // Collection of Arabic manuscripts of the National Library of France «Gallica». – №.1489.
8. Al-Beruni, Aburayhon Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Al-Osor al-bokiya an il-qurun al-holiya // Chronologie orietalischer Volker von Alberuni. HerausgegebenvonDr. С.EduardSachau. – Leipzig, 1878. - 476 pp.
9. Beruni, Aburayhon Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Osor-ul-bokia an al-kurun al-holiya [Electronic resource]/ Aburayhon Muhammad ibn Ahmad Beruni // Manuscript of the National Library of Tehran. – № 18150. –Access mode: https://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/1796793. (date of appeal – 20.10.2025).
10. Beruni, Abu Rayhаn. Monuments of pastgenerations / Abu Rayhаn Beruni // Selected works. – Volume 1. – Tashkent: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the UzbekSSR, 1957. – 485 pp.
11.Beruni, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Osor-ul-bokia min al-qurun al-holiya [Electronic resource] / Muhammad ibn Ahmad Beruni // Manuscript of the National Library of Tehran. – № 2780. – Access mode: https://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/809195
12.Bogolyubov, M.N. The Feast of the "Destruction of Vritra" in Ancient Khorezm / M.N.Bogolyubov // Works on Iranian Linguistics. Selected. – M.: Vostochnaya literature, 2012. – РP.406-416.
13.Gardizi, Abusaid Abulhai. Zayn ul-akhbar / Abusaid Abulhai Gardizi. – Dushanbe: Bukhoro, 2014. – 416 pp.
14.Dehkhuda, Aliakbar. Masmaqon / Aliakbar Dehkhuda [Electronicresource]/ Access mode: https://vajehyab.com/dehkhoda/ مصمغان?q=مسمغان. (date of appeal – 20.10.2025).
15.Yohaki, Doctor Muhammadja’far. TheCultureofMythsandLegendsinPersianLiterature / Doctor Muhammadja’far Yohaki. – Dushanbe:Paivand, 2013. – 990 pp.
16.Masmaqon / [Electronicresource] / Access mode: https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/ مسمغان. (date of appeal –– 19.10.2025).
[Electronic resource]. Access mode: https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/ مسمغان. (date of appeal – 19.10.2025).
17.Narshakhi, Abubakr Muhammad ibn Ja’far. History of Bukhara / Abubakr Muhammad ibn Ja’far Narshakhi. – Dushanbe:Paivand, 2012. – 736 pp.
18.Nizomulmulk. Siyosatnoma / Nizomulmulk. – Dushanbe:Аdib, 1989.– 200 pp.
19.Nizоm al-mulk, Abuali Hasani Tusi. Siyar al-Muluk (Siyosatnoma) / Abuali Hasani Tusi Nizam al-mulk. – Tehron, 1367. – 32+375+ IX pp.
20.Sada is the Beginning of the Aryan Year. – Khujand: Noshir, 2021.– 440 pp.
21.Siyasat-name. A book about the reign of the 11th century vizier Nizam al-mulk. M.-L.:Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR,1949.-379 pp.
22.Sulton, Hasan. Beruni and the Mention of the Feast of Sada / Jumhuriyat. – 2023. – January 23.
23.Firdawsi. Sah-name / Firdawsi. – М: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1957. – V. I – 675 pp.
24.Firdawsi. Sah-name / Firdawsi. – М: 1969, Nauka. – V. IV – 468 pp.
25.Firdawsi. Sah-name / Firdawsi. – М: Nauka, 1984. – Volume V – 390 pp.
26.Khayam, Omar. Navruz-name. – Dushanbe: Adib, 2012, - 352 pp.
27.Homidiyon H.K. Reflection of Sad-Holiday in the Works of Persian-Tajik Poets (IX-X Centuries) Written in Arabic / H.K. Homidiyon // Bulletin of TSULBP. Series of Humanitarian Sciences. – 2019. - №4 (81). – PP.37-43.