The central object of the study is the formation and development of criticism as one of the first sciences in Iran concerning Arabic-Persian literature, including in the literary field of Gurgan. General information on the first written works that serve as sources for this discipline is also provided. In this regard, the author presents information on Kazi Gurgani's book "Al-Visatat…," including the factors behind its composition, its sources, and so on. It should be noted that scholars disagree regarding the reason for Kazi Gurgani's composition of "Al-Visatat…" Some scholars believe that Kazi wrote his book as a refutation of the famous treatise by Sahib ibn Abbad, while others claim he wrote it to point out the shortcomings of Mutanabbi's poetry. Other scholars emphasize that the atmosphere of literary criticism at the time prompted Kazi Gurgani to write this work. Furthermore, scholars believe that the main factor influencing the compilation of Kazi Gurgani's book was the disagreement between writers and critics regarding ancient and modern poetry. It is emphasized that Kazi, through his work, opened a new door to the study of poetry.
criticism, works of Kazi Gurgani, Arabic-language poets, Gurgani's academic environment, poetry, Sahib ibn Abbad, al-Visatat, al-Mutanabbi
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