The article presents a research related to the use of suffix -des in ancient epoch, the recent past and today`s picture of the Tajik language. Proceeding from medieval and modern explanatory and etymological dictionaries, the author considers the usage of –des whose root is traced back to the ancient Iranian language in two functions - as a self-sufficient word and a word-building suffix. It is underscored that first –des was used as a self-sufficient word, but in the course of time it acquired two functions; but further on, having lost its self-sufficiency, it started to be used only as a word-building suffix. In ancestors` heritage this suffix is used in two-three forms preconditioned by certain objective and intellectual factors. On the ground of a comparative analysis the conclusion is made that at present suffix -des has lost its former functions in the normative language form, but its traces can be run into separate dialects.
Tajik language, lexical elements, suffix-des, ancient Iranian language, Middle Persian language, mediaeval dictionaries, modern dictionaries, sensible and formal evolution
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