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FROM VICTORIES TO CRISIS: THE RUSSIAN ARMY FROM TRIUMPH OVER NAPOLEON TO COLLAPSE IN THE CRIMEAN WAR

Avtors

Solikhodzhaeva S.A.

Abstract

The Russian army of the first half of the XIX-th century was the largest military force in Europe, but its development was contradictory. It combined enormous numbers and high prestige with archaic social and organizational foundations. It should be noted that the Russian army during this period was simultaneously a symbol of the empire's strength and weakness. It ensured Russia's prestige and influence in Europe, but its feudal foundation, harsh discipline, and economic hardship made it a source of internal tension and backwardness. It was this duality that determined the political fate of Nicholas I and cemented his image as the "gendarme of Europe." The aim of this study is to assess the degree of modernization of the Russian army in comparison with the leading European states, analyze the impact of the domestic policies of Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I on the army, and determine the army's role in social and political life. An attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive picture of the Russian army of the first half of the 19th century, its strengths, demonstrated in brilliant victories, and its vulnerabilities, which laid the foundations for future challenges.

Keywords

the Russian Empire; the Russian army of the XIX-th century; a symbol of the strength and weakness of the empire; Russia's influence in Europe; the degree of modernization of the army; the internal policy of the emperors; the role of the army

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