The article dwells on various trends of Islam referring to the X-th – the XI-th centuries. Separate groups and intellectual circles demonstrated activeness and productivity in regard to both science and culture development upon the whole. In spite of ideological divergencies of different national and religious groups, the endeavours aimed at an upsurge of cultural aspects of social life of peoples are observed. Humanism becomes an actual issue due to the penetration of Ancient Greek ideas over Moslemic thinkers` outlook and a rise of rational methods in reference to an interpretation of philosophical problems. It afforded to develop a new form of humanism in various rationalistic schools of Moslemic philosophy. In his article the author canvasses the humanistic positions of Mu`tazilism, sunnits-traditionalists, shiits- of two scores, representatives of Sufism and Ismailism in comparison with the ideas of more modern authors-humanists of the Renaissance Epoch in Europe with the description of social-cultural factors of the conception in question being taken into consideration as well.
Mu`tazilism, Koran, Imamit shiism, Abasids` Califate, scholastic tuition, religious sciences, madrasa, world contemplation, Califate Empire
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